Cerebrospinal Fluid and Hydrocephalus: Physiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is found around and inside the brain and vertebral column. CSF plays a crucial role in the protection and homeostasis of neural tissue. METHODS Key points on the physiology of CSF as well as the diagnostic and treatment options for hydrocephalus are discussed. RESULTS Understanding the fundamentals of the production, absorption, dynamics, and pathophysiology of CSF is crucial for addressing hydrocephalus. Shunts and endoscopic third ventriculostomy have changed the therapeutic landscape of hydrocephalus. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of hydrocephalus in adults and children represents a large part of everyday practice for the neurologist, both in benign cases and cancer-related diagnoses.